Essay --

Today we will explore the speech given by Mary Fisher at the 1992 Republican National Convention entitled â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS†. The main purpose of Mary Fishers Speech â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS" was to promote awareness of the HIV/AIDS epidemic throughout the United States. Moreover, Fisher wanted it clear that no one, regardless of race, sex, age or any discriminatory factor, is safe from Human Immunodeficiency Virus because the virus only cares that one is a human being suitable of infection. However, the central idea of Fisher’s address was to establish awareness that those living with the affliction of HIV/AIDS are still people and deserve the compassion we’d give anyone else. Mary Fisher does an excellent job developing credibility throughout her address. Throughout the speech, Fisher placed relatable factual information and statistical data wisely to help develop the legitimacy of her cause, but what makes shear data into relatable fact is by the way it’s presented. One can simply state information and data to an audience, but that doesn’t guarantee that the audience will perceive it in the manner intended by the speaker or be affected by it at all. Just being who she was gave Fisher a great amount of credibility, establishing ethos as soon as she began speaking. Furthermore, Fisher utilizes the effective credibility building tool of personal experience. Her first hand experience and continued struggle with the human immunodeficiency virus gives her speech a higher likelihood of reaching a greater number of listeners. Fisher’s utilization of this credibility tool is facilitated when she states â€Å"Though I am female and contracted this disease in marriage and enjoy the warm support of my family, I am one with the lonely gay man shelte... ...ss). By reaching out to each section of her audience, Fisher can make an audience feel engaged in listening to her speech, because inclusive language makes a speaker seem like he or she is talking directly at one’s self. In culmination, Mary Fisher’s address to the Republican National Convention can be considered a success. Fisher opened the eyes of her audience using the rhetorical devices of ethos, logos, and pathos. She not only made the audience understand the dire nature of the issue of HIV, but she challenged them to be civically responsible, and no longer treat those afflicted by the HIV virus with hate and fear. Most importantly, Mary Fisher made it clear to her audience that the HIV/AIDS affliction should not be kept hush hush, or as a â€Å"whisper†, but rather we as American people should choose to see the problem and act and up for a safer future.

Animal Testing Essay -- Animal Testing

Animal Testing Animal testing is the running of tests and the research done in a laboratory on animals. Some of the tests are done to benefit human lives and other tests are done to determine side effects of a certain household or cosmetic products. It is a topic that has been up for debate for many years not only in the United States, but all around the world. While some support the advances that come from the research others oppose the cruelty that the media projects to society. No matter what one’s opinion of the subject is, it is still something that our society and culture deals with. There have been many progresses in the medical field and cures for a variety of different diseases found by testing vaccines and other treatments on laboratory animals. Scientists have been working for several years to try and discover a cure for the AIDS virus. According to Nowak, hopes for a vaccine to totally cure the virus are fading, however doctors have began to focus on a vaccine that would slow the progressions of AIDS. Diabetes is another disease that has benefited from the testing of animals. â€Å"Researchers who tested more then 50,000 natural and synthetic substances say they have found a fungus compound that acts like insulin, raising the possibility that diabetics in the future may take pills instead of shots†(Recer). As far as breast cancer is concerned, researchers for the government say that they have bred a strain of mice that identified what gene causes breast cancer in women (Waldholz). Another very important discovery in the medical fiel d is that â€Å"results of laboratory studies over the past year are providing new clues about how to prevent liver damage and giving researchers hope that they... ...er again and constantly ending up with the same results. In conclusion, animal testing is a subject that will continue to be argued about for years to come. There are two very distinct sides to the debate, it is either acceptable or it isn’t. Animal testing is a very beneficial process when used to discover cures in the medical field but should not be used just to simply test a new brand of cosmetics of household products. There have been several advancements made so far and more cures will be discovered as time goes on and more products are tested. The medical field has advanced so much due to the discoveries made from testing out new vaccines and medicines. They don’t have a cure for cancer today, but who knows, in ten years from now there might be a way to save loved one’s lives because of research and procedures that are being performed today.

Review On Canadian Imperial Bank Of Commerce Commerce Essay

Our aim is to be the primary fiscal establishment for our clients. Our success depends on edifice strong relationships and on our ability to assist clients accomplish their fiscal ends ( www.cibc.com ) . Like other Bankss, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ( CIBC ) has on-line banking, telephone banking, concern banking and personal banking. One subdivision that looks interesting is the country in which they call Personal Wealth. The latter point that was made seems to be really strategic. It puts the client in control of wealth or deficiency thereof. I am impressed with that facet of their selling scheme. The occupations that can be secured at this degree are gross revenues associates to account directors. There is a batch of room for turning within CIBC.FinanceThe construction found within the fiscal facet of the organisation is that of Director of finance, senior fiscal analyst and fiscal analyst. â€Å" The Finance group provides fiscal services to CIBC ‘s concerns through effectual administration and determination support procedures † ( www.cibc.ca ) . The manager and senior fiscal analysts have more duties herein. CIBC has fiscal duties as a concern. They have a system of answerability that helps to command what information is being used within the company. The Director most probably has most duties of that control, within the organisation and every bit far as clients are concerned, concern or otherwise.Human ResourcesThe Human Resources section is non in a class of its ain within CIBC. This construction falls under a much larger construction of Administration. â€Å" [ Human Resources ] develops and implements plans to pull, retain and support employees throughout their callings at CIBC † ( www.cibc.ca ) . Part of this construction, non unlike other organisations, is responsible for preparation and fiting employees to develop their callings so that turn-over is minimum.OperationssOperationss ‘ was slightly equivocal on the CIBC web page. It fell under the class of engineering and operations. I am non truly certain as to why they would chunk those two together. From what I can see is CIBC runs like a well-oiled machine. They decidedly have all their bases covered and it seems like there is much room for growing within the organisation, and it appears to be a healthy topographic point in which to construct one ‘s calling. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cibc.com/ca/personal.htmlOrganizational StructureThe organisational construction of CIBC is of incorporate type of administration which has both level ( horizontal ) and perpendicular type of constructions. Long-run success involves effectual administration. CIBC has already been recognized as a leader in this country, they endeavour every twelvemonth for uninterrupted betterments in their administration construction and procedures.Integrated administration theoretical accountCIBC ‘s senior direction squad plays a really of import function in the overall control of CIBC ‘s concerns by supplying timely and precise information to the Board to help the managers in their misinterpretation undertakings. Regular and sincere dealingss between the Board and direction are another cardinal facet of a well-built administration to back up the long-run involvements of CIBC ‘s investors. Another factor of good administration is t hat it besides include being a responsible corporate citizen. CIBC is renowned as a leader in ecological concern patterns and corporate societal duty. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cibc.com/ca/inside-cibc/governance.htmlBoard Responsibilities and Governance StructureThe Board is responsible to oversee the direction of CIBC ‘s concern and associations. The Board provides way to direction, through the Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) , to rehearse the best involvements of CIBC. The Board ‘s has a of import function to be played in the duties that are outlined below.Strategic planningThe Board supervises the development of CIBC ‘s strategic way, procedure, program and precedences, reviews Management ‘s knowing program, approves the one-year strategic program and considers direction ‘s reappraisal of emerging tendencies, the competitory environment, hazard issues and of import concern patterns and merchandises.Hazard directionThe Board reviews direction studies on stuff hazards related with the CIBC ‘s concerns and operations, the public presentation by direction of systems to pul l off these hazards and material lacks in the map of these systems.Corporate administrationThe Board reviews CIBC ‘s progress to corporate administration, manager independency, the Code of moral rules for Directors and CIBC Code of Conduct for employees.Fiscal informationThe Board reviews CIBC ‘s internal controls depicting the fiscal information, direction studies on stuff defects associating to those controls and the unity of CIBC ‘s fiscal information and systemsCommunicationssThe Board reviews CIBC ‘s taken as a whole communications attack, procedure for having stockholder response, stuff alterations to CIBC ‘s revelation guidelines and the communicating construction between the Board and its stakeholders.Board commissionsThe Board set up commissions and their authorizations and requires commission chairs to give a study to the Board on stuff affairs considered by the commission at the following Board meeting.Director development and ratingEach mana ger participates in CIBC ‘s manager development plan. The Board assess the public presentation of the Board, its commissions and the, its commissions and managers Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cibc.com/ca/pdf/about/corp-gov-practices.pdfOrganizational designGeographic DesignIt groups occupations on the footing of district or geographics, here we are speaking about the CIBC, which is the taking bank in Canada and it deals with the people of different geographical parts in Canada. More of the effectual and the efficient handling of a specific geographic regional issues that by and large arise within the geographic part and serve the demands of alone geographic markets better in this geographic part and the chief things in this sort of design are the duplicate of maps of the subdivision and it can experience isolated from other organisational countries of the bankFunctional DesignA functional construction is a design that groups similar or related occupational fortes together. It is the functional attack to the full organisation. Customer based Design: Every organisation would happen it really advantageous to form harmonizing to the types of clients it serves. CIBC is money imparting n service distribution Company that lends money to clients, concern clients, big concerns, and little concerns may make up one's mind to establish its primary divisions on these sorts of different markets. It is the forces can so go proficient in the service, run intoing the demands of the Bankss different clients. In this manner, an organisation that offers services like as banking or service may group its workers harmonizing to the types of clients of the bank.Merchandise DesignThe merchandise design is the design which groups the occupations by merchandise line in the system. Each of the directors in the organisation is responsible for an country within the organisational bounds depending on his/her specialisation. This design allows specialisation in peculiar merchandises and services of the banking sector and this design eve n manages the system by the manner that directors can go experts in their industry and come closer to clients and the negative factor in this is the duplicate of the system ‘s workers maps with a limited position of the organisational endsService designThe CIBC is a client service dependent organisation or the banking sector in which the clients are respected really much and are treated with regard and in this design the directors take care really much of the service offered to the clients.Hybrid designThe CIBC is this sort of the organisation in which the clients are most well-thought-of and the director will take attention of the client and the design will be created to cover with each client. Chiefly the undertaking director will cover with the client relation research and best client service.Matrix DesignCIBC organisation finds that none of the mentioned constructions meet their turning demands. The lone attack that attempts to get the better of insufficiencies is the matr ix construction, which is the combination of two or more different constructions. Functional design normally is being combined with merchandise groups on a undertaking footing. For illustration, a merchandise or a service group wants to develop a new add-on to its line ; for this undertaking, it will obtain forces from functional sections such as research, technology, production, and selling. These forces so work under the director of the merchandise group for the continuance of the undertaking, which can change greatly with mention to the completion of the undertaking.Selling channels designThe selling organisation ‘s design straight impacts ability to react rapidly to the alone kineticss of your industry, market place, and corporate aims. Selling organisations see themselves less effectual as they are disconnected from concern they are back uping, they are structured to run into yesterday ‘s demands, or have experienced a talent-decline. Over the clip, the map can acqu ire apart with the selling cognition of the industry and accomplishment degrees needed by the company, as going distanced from those driving concern in gross revenues, the market and executive direction. Marketing organisation appraisal and design Skill and cognition appraisals Productivity ratings Job design/skills demands Marketing accomplishments developing Capability edifice Marketing executive coachingDepartmentalizationThe environment is complex and unsure. And the lower-level directors are capable and experienced at doing determinations because of their engagements in the systems treatments. As such they get a voice in determinations, their determinations are comparatively minor. Here in the corporate civilization, we see that it is unfastened to directors, leting them to hold a say in what happens in the system with their determinations. The company is geographically dispersed over the peculiar part with a criterion. The effectual execution by the directors for the company ‘s lead depends on directors being involved and their flexibleness to do determinations. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.emaytrix.com/mgmt307/section3.php

Obeying The Law Essay

A social structure is mandatory for the survival of humans. Man’s natural affinity for evil and conflict has been around since the dawn of time – until order was maintained through the introduction of laws. Without law, the integrity and stability of society would diminish completely. As a strong advocate of determinism, Thomas Hobbes believes that a strict government is the only way to social stability. Hobbes believed that a state of nature – one without a form of government – would essentially be a â€Å"war of all against all.† This life would hardly be worth living due to the inherent evil nature of some human beings – selfishness, desperation and greed are the factors that define the â€Å"war of all against all state.† Hobbes thought that people will violently compete in order to secure the basic necessities of life or for material gains; that people would compete and challenge others out of fear to ensure personal safety and to earn a glorified reputation so as to deter others from challenging us. Without some form of leadership, laws and government everyone would be in a state of universal insecurity dominated by fear. Even those who aren’t selfish or cowardly – those who are inherently good – would behave selfishly and cowardly in order to secure their safety. They would have no problem, for example, attacking a potential threat if it would earn them a reputation of someone who shouldn’t be â€Å"messed with.† In the words of Hobbes â€Å"the wickedness of bad men also compels good men to have recourse, for their own protection, to the virtues of war, which are violence and fraud.† Laws have arisen in society as a way for the government to take control – to prevent negative behaviour from citizens in a society. Many behaviours have had a negative stigma associated with them due to religious beliefs and historically, laws were introduced as a means of preventing this unwanted, unacceptable behaviour. Issues of the past, no matter how unnecessary they may sound, posed a problem at one point or another and were dealt with the introduction of laws. Ancient Babylon’s earliest law was a simple philosophy – an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Roman laws consisted of such things as: â€Å"Whenever someone makes a formal promise or sells property, then according to law, that promise must be carried out† or â€Å"if anyone sings  abusive songs about somebody else, he shall be put to death.† Another law was more conditional: â€Å"If anyone breaks somebody else’s limb and does not apologize, then the other man can break the first man’s limb in return.† This law was conditional based on an apology. A uniform legal code was first introduced for the whole Roman Empire and issues were dealt with through lawyers and a judge – Canadian legal code is loosely based on these principles. Even today, there are some ridiculous laws that may seem unnecessary in Canada, such as: â€Å"You can’t drag a dead horse down Yonge St. on a Sunday† or â€Å"having the colour of house and garage doors being regulated by city bylaws.† Both those laws seem irrelevant to societal norms in Canada, but they posed a threat at one point or another. Laws are fundamental means of protection and ownership for everyone within society. They enforce fair and equal treatment of all citizens in society. The goal of the law is to ensure that there is fairness to all and justice. Justice is only achieved through equal treatment to every member in society and that is why there are strict laws with the punishment for each crime being the same. If punishments varied for two murderers who commit the exact same form of murder then one of them would be done an injustice – something which is unacceptable in society. The law must treat every group and every individual equally to maintain order in society. As well as maintaining order, the law and the equivalent punishments for breaking it have many purposes. For a start, the main purpose of the law is the remove the dangerous person – the criminal – from society. Removing the offender not only ensures the safety of individuals in society, but it, in a sense, â€Å"teaches the offender a lesson.† An optimistic view is that the offender will realize that they have been caught and will learn that they can no longer get away with that particular form of crime. This, of course, is rarely the case. The view of the offender is commonly that â€Å"I’ve been caught; I have to be more careful.† This is where the next benefit of the punishment comes in. In cases such as homicide or forms of sadistic violence the point of punishment is an effort to rehabilitate the offender – to teach the offender that what they did was wrong not because they got caught, but because many people were affected by it and it is an unacceptable way to  behave in society. Dangerous Offender legislation is a prime example of the benefits of rehabilitation. Its goal is to keep anyone deemed a Dangerous Offender, usually the sickest, most sadistic and twisted criminals, imprisoned until they show psychological improvement regardless of their sentence. A third goal of the law is to deter individuals from committing crime. That is, regular citizens will realize that there are severe penalties for committing a crime and that getting caught is very common and therefore decide that committing a crime is too risky and not commit it. Severe punishments are required in conjunction with common arrest rates in order to effectively deter potential criminals. Children are socialized to obey the law from a very young age. Parents are responsible for teaching children rules and morals which they must obey. This is the same principle as the law. If a child breaks a rule, that child is punished. If a person breaks a law, that person is punished. When children are old enough to break the law and be punished for it, they know what is right and wrong due to moral guidance. Even those without natural intuition of what is right or wrong – Natural Law – know not to break the law due to the punishments they endured as a child for breaking rules. Being obedient of the law is something that is required of all citizens, not only because of the consequences that follow, but because of the societal order that is maintained by having everyone obey the law. If one person gets away with breaking the law, no matter how miniscule the punishment may be, other people will get the impression that this law is not enforced or that is very easy to get away with and continue to break it. A prime example of this is seen with marijuana legislation. Many people have smoked, or continue to smoke marijuana regularly, making it more common and therefore more acceptable in society. Although society appears to accept it more, it doesn’t mean that marijuana isn’t harmful or detrimental to a person’s well-being. Various drugs could potentially be argued as a lifestyle choice and left up to the individual using them, but this is not the way society should be governed. Laws are imposed for a reason and drugs are illegal because they harm the user, even if it’s willfully. There is no way to govern â€Å"responsible drug use,† especially when it comes to operating  vehicles. Breaking any law has an overall negative effect on society. Stealing from even the largest store, such as Wal-Mart, will have a negative effect on everyone. Not only does the owner of the store lose their merchandise, money and time, those who shop at Wal-Mart may experience a surge in prices on the stolen item. This is due to the owner needing to make up for the lost profit of the stolen goods. Some may follow the principle that one person committing an action such as stealing has no detrimental effect, but if everyone followed that principle, the store would go out of business due to theft and all the â€Å"good Samaritans† who didn’t steal and paid for their goods would again be losing out for something they had nothing to do with. Those laws which are no longer necessary will phase out of law naturally, such as it being illegal to drag a dead horse down Yonge St. on a Sunday no longer posing a problem in Canada. If Canada were to suddenly remove its government, society would be in a chaotic state. People would be free to loot, plunder, kill and perform reckless acts with no one to stop them. Everyone’s â€Å"rights† would essentially be taken away. No one would have the right to life. This poses yet another question – is it ever okay to break the law? Take the scenario of a starving mother who must steal to feed her family. In this case, it may seem okay to break the law. But this is only because this mother cannot support her family and essentially they are being denied the right to life – guaranteed to them by law. This situation seems rather paradoxical, as she is breaking the law to uphold the law. In times of desperation, where the most basic human right is being denied or impaired, it is okay to break the law. When survival is necessary, any human would break the law as is the case of self-defense scenarios. This is why sentencing is flexible. While the law is very strict, the sentencing may be lowered on conditions such as why the crime was committed and the situation of the criminal. A final question to pose is: does the law provide justice? Justice is defined as â€Å"the principle of moral rightness; equity.† But the problem with this definition is that morals are commonly subjective by person. Obviously, there are many things that are objectively wrong including murder, but there are many moral â€Å"grey spots.† Based upon who is asked, speeding on the  highway may be a taboo to one person, but be perfectly okay to another. It’s safe to say that justice is the act of maintaining order in a way that benefits and affects everyone in the same way in regards to law. Laws that put restrictions on a specific group or individual are not just because they limit the rights of certain individuals. According to this principle, the law is just. It maintains order in society while treating all individuals equally without reference to their sex, age, ethnicity and/or cultural and religious beliefs. So long as the law treats everyone equally, includin g those in power, the law can be considered just. The law is a major part of society that is used to maintain order. Before the imposition of a leader and specific guidelines, society was in a state of chaos – no one was protected and everyone lived in a state of universal insecurity. With the introduction of a legal system and laws, society has been governed in a peaceful way and criminals have traditionally been dealt with in a way that was accepted by all members of society. Even ancient societies, such as the Babylonians and the Romans used laws to sustain order and to ensure that justice was done. The law has been, and will continue to be an essential part of all societies. Without a legal system, the value of society would be reduced to nothingness and the integrity of humans would be absent from the world.

Business strategy: A guide to Effective Decision making Essay

Strategies decisions depends highly on perceptions, people’s attitudes and assumptions, therefore they are rarely straightforward or simple. Strategic decisions determine the direction as well as success of an organization, which is why it is essential for decision-makers to understand the decision-making process in order to make the right decisions. Chapter 2, 3, and 4 focus on introducing forces which will form a decision, including ideas, developments and potential pitfalls. In chapter 4, a practical and useful framework is also created to guide step by step in a decision-making process. Chapter 8 outlines insights and techniques for implementing and improving decisions in order to have a competitive strategy. Chapter 12 introduces forces which will have affection in sales, marketing and brand management decisions. It is necessary to understand the decision-making process and other involved factors to be able to create a practical and competitive strategy. Right decisions will make a huge impact on company’s directions as well as success in the future. Chapter 2: Ideas at Work Setting a strategy has always been complex due to the changes that company has to face over time. There are several factors that will affect the decision making process. Decision-making approaches The classical administrator The classical administrator, which was founded by Henri Fayol, has become the most traditional model of the decision-makers or strategists. A set of common activities and principles of managements was developed and divided into five sections: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Planning involves setting the goals of the organization and developing an action plan for future success. Organizing involves structuring the organization and using necessary resources to achieve these aims. Commanding makes sure the optimum return from people, which is usually considered the most expensive component of a business. Coordinating involves focusing on people’s effort to achieve the goals. Control makes sure that everything is going according to plan, making adjustment when necessary to ensure success. The design planner When the strategy is planned, the techniques of the classical administrator would be used to implement the strategy. Design planning will help the implementation process and it requires expertise in two areas: Analyzing and anticipating the future environment, techniques and models. Be aware of the external opportunities and threats; internal strengths and weaknesses. The role player The role player involves in the strategic decision-maker’s job as a reflective and analyzing planner and controller, to make sure the plan is realistic and practical. The competitive positioner It is crucial for competitive positioner to understand the power of the external environment in order to achieve competitive advantage. Customers and suppliers, substitute products, present and potential competitors are considered competitive forces. The competitive positioned should be able to eliminate barriers to enter its market, set a competitive prices, reduce operating costs and be aware of its rivals. The visionary transformer Vision is one of the fundamental tools to make a strategic decision, and it should focus on answering the following questions: Where in the market should the organization position itself? Brand positioning? How should the organization achieve its goal? However, visions should be achievable and visionary transformers should be able to ensure that they are achieved. The self-organizer The self-organizer needs the ability to network, innovate and collaborate with people to achieve the organization’s goal. The turnaround strategist The turnaround strategist focuses on turning around the performance of an organization once a visionary leader has failed. It is important to adapt new control systems quickly, find out the reasons for failing and be able to reverse them. Financial issues There are three financial issues that influence strategic decisions, they are: cash management, risk management and budgeting. It is important for company to be able to manage its cash flow and have an effective financial control while implementing strategic decisions. Controlling costs Controlling costs, by saving money, making cost-cutting is one way to boost profits and reduce losses. Managing for value: implementing the balanced scorecard The balances scorecard takes into account four important perspective of activity, they are: financial perspective, customers, internal processes, innovation and learning perspective. The main stages of implementing the balanced scorecard include: Preparing and defining the strategy, deciding what to measure, finalizing and implementing the plan, publicizing a d using the results, reviewing and revising the system. The rise of technology and the impact on technology on decision-making The rise of technology has opened up a multiple ways to add value, increase sales, reduce costs and manage more efficiently, therefore technology has made a huge and diverse impact on business decisions. Factors that affect a business and decision-making such as: adding value, understanding customer needs, competitive advantage and assessing costs can be done much faster and more efficient with the help of technology. That is why it is definitely important to use and manage information systems properly to take the best out of it. Chapter 3: Pitfalls In this chapter, several types of failure may be encountered in decision-making process, such as: thinking flaws, leadership flaws and cultural flaws. Behavioral flaws In order to avoid traps made by human brain while making decisions, common traps should be recognized and understood which ones are likely to influence decision-maker’s thinking. Some common traps which were mentioned in this chapter were: the anchoring trap, the status quo trap, the sunk-cost trap, the confirming-evidence trap, the overconfidence trap, the framing trap, the recent event trap, and the prudence trap. Leadership flaws Leadership flaws can also affect strategic decisions. One of them is failure of understanding, when the leader does not properly understand a problem. Another common flaw is rationalistic planning, when everybody assumes that there is only one effective choice, therefore, leads to only one conclusion. Decision-making pitfalls Cultural flaws The culture of an organization can make a negative effect on strategic decision, and fragmentation occurs when people are in disagreement. In the other hand, groupthink is when an idea is given because it is supposed to harmony with the majority. Such behaviors are common and therefore, decisions may be affected by the cultural of an organization. Failure to respond to change It is important to sense when to change before the business goes down and gets bankrupt. Responding to the need to change may be not easy, due to other external factors, but changing in the right way and at the right time is crucial to remain the business in the market. Overcoming decision-making problems It is usually much more difficult to over problems than just pointing them out. When looking for a solution, two main factors should be considered seriously: the ability of the decision maker and the importance of testing and perfecting decisions. Some other ways to overcome problems and aim to effective decision-making are: being aware (and raising awareness among others), avoiding subjective or irrational analysis, being sensitive, establishing clear priorities and objectives, fostering creativity and innovation, understanding substantive issues and last but not least, focusing on the relevance and potency of the business idea. Organizational learning and scenarios Two popular approaches that can be used to avoid the pitfalls of strategic thinking are adaptive organizational learning and scenario thinking. Adaptive organizational learning means continuing the process by adapting new changes to suit the organizational environment and to improve performance. Scenario thinking is a process which is divided into two parts: a formal element designed by managers, and an informal part, characterized by casual conversations. Chapter 4: Rational or intuitive? Frameworks for decision-making The rational approach Assessing the situation Assessing the situation is the first step of rational decision-making process. It starts by asking whether the decision relates to a permanent issue or it is the result of an isolated event, therefore the decision-maker may have some idea of what to do in the next step. Defining the critical issues When considering a decision, all aspects should be taken into account, and funneling is a useful and rational technique to be used. The method involves collecting information, then prioritizes and eliminates issues that aroused based on the data that were collected and analyzed. Specifying the decision This step defines what the decision must achieve. By defining the minimum set of goals, this helps to ensure focus and smooth implementation. Making the decision Compromise is usually involved in the decision-making process. In this stage of the process, embracing with creativity and innovation may ensure the strategic decision will be implemented successfully. Implementing the decision After defining the decision, executing it is usually the most critical and time-consuming phase. These following factors are involved: planning how it will be implemented, assigning the tasks clearly and specifically, communicating, motivating and rewarding, managing resources to ensure that people carrying out the decision have the necessary equipment to complete their task. Monitoring and making adjustments It is very important to monitor the implementation so that everything is going according to plan and adjustments can be made in time. Decision-making is a cycle, from the last step comes back to the first step again, therefore the assessment of the next decisions should start will the monitoring of current ones. The intuitive approach

The Final Five Minutes

Here I am lying in my hospital bed and I've just been told, this is it, I'm not sure how I feel, maybe relieved. This Illness has gone on too long and I have lost any energy I may have had for the fight. When the doctor told me, a very nice girl, she had tears down her cheeks and I ended up telling her that it was all right. I think this is the first time since it began I have been able to feel relaxed and calm. Sitting round the bed is my wife and two children watching me and talking about all the things that had happened today. I do not know if I am interested but I must look like I am for them, they are upset as it is and they will not believe I am content about the news I was given this morning. So far my life has been full and happy with my wife and children growing up around me. Although I am sad to be leaving them behind I know they will be OK and supported by my own family and friends and also theirs ass well when they are called upon. I know my family are close and will stick together through thick and thin to cope with the good and bad times together. I am holding my sons hands and telling him that things will carry on without me as normal and he must help his sister to get by being strong and helping his mum when she needs it and act as the man of the house. The nurse is putting something in my arm and saying it is for the pain and it feels like I am on drugs, it feels good and soothes the pain that has overcome my body for so long. I hope they give me enough drugs to help me through and make me leave this world looking ok and so everything is ok when the times comes to say goodbye, I'll be on the right track. Everything seems to be becoming distant and blurred, I wonder if this is the time? I don't know if I am ready yet, I want to say goodbye before I go anywhere. I'm thinking of my own parents and my past like a picture album remembering the good things when I was young. I seem to be going further away and every body is shouting, I wish they would be quiet and let me rest. All of a sudden everything is clear and I can see my family this makes me feel very happy and I am ready to go. Things are getting dark and I think this might be it, I don't care as long as it happens straight away and I do not look to silly. Everything is extremely quite and this is where I find out what really happens at the end.

American Cultures Impact On The Media Cultural Studies Essay

American Cultures Impact On The Media Cultural Studies Essay None cultures are the same every nation has their own distinct and values. The American and American cultures have very vast differentiation between them. While the culture of America is a mixture of different cultures, the Bangladeshi culture is unique and has its own values and customs. One of the major differences that can be seen between American and Bangladeshi culture is in family relations. While the Bangladeshi are very much family and religious oriented, the Americans are individual oriented. In Bangladeshi culture, the family values are given more prominence than the individual values. Bangladeshi respect family and religious values. On the other hand, in American culture the individual value gets prominence than the family values. Indians are more committed to their family where as the Americans are more committed to themselves only (Difference Between, 2010). The United States is a dynamic country, covering the breadth of a continent. Many cultural currents exist and coe xist within American life. The sections that follow do not attempt to cover every aspect of American culture, but instead zero in on some phenomena, like television, films and American music, that newcomers can study in order to learn more about American life. American values have developed over several centuries, affecting (and often being enriched by) successive waves of immigrants. The best way to look at it is to realize that while Americans are often open to new ways of thinking, they have a deep culture, and a deep sense of being American, one that is not always that easy to describe (Life in the USA,2010). Bangladesh has a rich, diverse culture. Its deeply rooted heritage is thoroughly reflected in its architecture, dance, literature, music, painting and clothing. The three primary religions of Bangladesh (Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam) have had a great influence on its culture and history. The people of Bangladesh have a rich fictional legacy, with the first available form of literature being over a thousand years old. Bengali literature developed considerably during the medieval period with the rise of popular poets such as Chandi Das, Daulat Kazi an Alaol (Bangladesh.com, 2010). Although, local music is still popular in Bangladeshi culture, the younger generation is influenced by the western songs. Youth of America is inspired by American artists, movies, and musical bands are becoming more popular in Bangladesh. Coca Cola and Michael Jackson are popular now in Bangladesh. Fast food, a product of American culture, is available but only in major cities and hotels. Most of the people prefer local foods and deserts. Literacy rate in Bangladesh is high compared with other developing countries. For males, it is 54% and literacy rates among Bangladeshi women are 41.4% (CIA the World Factbook, 2010). Main Body Impact of American Culture on Bangladeshi Culture, Media, and Language Culture: Culture can be described as the exclusive system of shared values, cus toms, beliefs, artifacts, and behaviors that the society members use to confront with their world and also with one another. Moreover, they are transmitted from one generation to another through learning. Culture also refers to the overall cumulative deposit of experience, beliefs, knowledge, values, meanings, attitudes, hierarchies, notions of time, religion, spatial relations, themes of the universe, and possessions acquired by a specific group of people during generations through group and individual striving (Bhabha, 2004). Significant differences are found between cultures of Bangladesh and America. Bangladeshi culture is a sophisticated blend of eastern culture and Islamic traditions. American culture, on the other hand, is a typical example of westernization with distinctive traditions, customs, attitudes and beliefs. It is pertinent to mention that culture is dynamic in nature. Cultures do change over time accepting new traditions while rejecting older ones (refà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Bangladeshi culture is increasingly becoming influenced by American culture even though the rate of transformation is considerably low compared with other neighboring countries like India and Pakistan.